VC2S4U04

solids, liquids and gases have observable properties; adding or removing heat energy leads to a change of state between solids, liquids and gases

• investigating observable changes of state between solids and liquids, such as investigating ice melting or water freezing in a sealed bag and explaining their observations, or using ice cubes, butter or chocolate to explore how changes of state involve the removal or addition of heat
• holding a balloon near a heat source and observing its inflation, then placing the balloon in a bucket of iced water to observe it deflating
• demonstrating a chemical reaction that shows a change in state, for example reacting baking soda (a solid) with vinegar (a liquid) in a bottle and showing the production of carbon dioxide (a gas) by placing a balloon over the mouth of the bottle and watching the balloon inflate
• observing the properties of substances and classifying the substances as solids (which hold their shape), liquids (which take the shape of their containers) or gases (which expand to fill the available space in a container)
• investigating how changes of state in some materials used by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples are important for their use (e.g. beeswax and resins are heated to increase their malleability and subsequently used in the manufacture and repair of implements); to attach decorative materials to the hair, body and regalia; to waterproof items; and to improve the durability and longevity of such items
• exploring how changes from solid to liquid and from liquid to solid can help in the recycling of materials such as glass, aluminium and plastics