VC2E3LA06

Understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb that need to agree <ul> <li>identifying clauses in texts by locating verbs and the key words that link to the verbs, for example ‘While the cat slept, the mouse scurried across the path.’</li> <li>identifying that a singular subject has a singular verb, and a plural subject has a plural verb, for example ‘The girl plays cricket.’ and ‘The girls play cricket.’</li> </ul>

VC2E5LA08

Understand how vocabulary is used to express greater precision of meaning, including through the use of specialist and technical terms <ul> <li>using precise words for naming; for example, instead of ‘mammal’ or ‘whale’, using ‘humpback whale’</li> </ul>

VC2E5LA06

Understand how noun groups can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of a person, place, thing or idea <ul> <li>learning how to expand a description by combining a related set of nouns and adjectives, for example ‘two old brown cattle dogs’</li> <li>observing how descriptive details can be built up around a noun or an adjective, forming a group (for example, ‘this very smelly cleaning cloth in the sink’ is a noun group and ‘as pretty as the flowers in May’ is an adjective group)</li> </ul>

VC2E4LY05

Read and write high-frequency words including homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spelling <ul> <li>recognising that contextual and syntactical clues can be used to determine the use of homophones, for example ‘We grow wheat on our farm.’ and ‘The train trip will take about an hour.’</li> </ul>

VC2E4LA10

Expand vocabulary by exploring a range of synonyms and antonyms, and using words encountered in a range of sources <ul> <li>building vocabulary from research about technical and learning area–specific topics, for example gravity and magnetic forces</li> <li>determining or clarifying the shades of meaning of synonyms and antonyms</li> <li>using words encountered in texts that are formed from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language, for example the Shire of Nillumbik, which draws its name from the Wurundjeri name for the region, meaning 'shallow earth'</li> </ul>

VC2E4LA07

Understand how adverb groups or phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activity <ul> <li>investigating in texts how adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases can provide details of the circumstances surrounding a happening or state, for example ‘At midnight (time) he rose slowly (manner) from the chair (place) and went upstairs (place).’</li> </ul>

VC2E4LA06

Understand that complex sentences contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause typically joined by a subordinating conjunction to create relationships, such as time and causality <ul> <li>creating richer, more specific descriptions by using adjectival clauses; for example, ‘Crossing the mountain range was difficult.’ becomes ‘The mountain pass was dangerous when it rained.’</li> <li>creating more precise and detailed sentences by adding adverbial clauses; for example, ‘They crossed the mountain range.’ becomes ‘Although the path was overgrown, they crossed the mountain range.’</li> </ul>

VC2E3LY06

Recognise and know how to write most high-frequency words, including some homophones <ul> <li>using context and syntactic knowledge to spell homophones, for example ‘break’ and ‘brake’ or ‘ate’ and ‘eight’</li> </ul>

VC2E3LA11

Extend topic-specific and technical vocabulary and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts <ul> <li>identifying and using technical words to describe length, for example metric units of length such as ‘millimetre’ and ‘centimetre’</li> <li>identifying and using words to describe features of narratives, for example ‘character’, ‘plot’ and ‘setting’</li> <li>identifying words that have different meanings in different contexts, for example ‘warm temperature’ and ‘warm character’</li> <li>extending vocabulary by adding prefixes and suffixes to base words, for example ‘different’, ‘differently’ and ‘difference’</li> </ul>

EN3-CWT-01

Plans, creates and revises written texts for multiple purposes and audiences through a selection of text features, sentence-level grammar, punctuation and word-level language

EN3-VOCAB-01

Extends Tier 2 and Tier 3 vocabulary through interacting, wide reading and writing, morphological analysis and generating precise definitions for specific contexts

EN3-OLC-01

Communicates to wide audiences with social and cultural awareness, by interacting and presenting, and by analysing and evaluating for understanding

EN2-SPELL-01

Selects, applies and describes appropriate phonological, orthographic and morphological generalisations and strategies when spelling in a range of contexts

EN2-CWT-03

Plans, creates and revises written texts for persuasive purposes, using text features,sentence-level grammar, punctuation and word-level language for a target audience

EN2-CWT-02

Plans, creates and revises written texts for informative purposes, using text features, sentence-level grammar, punctuation and word-level language for a target audience

EN2-CWT-01

Plans, creates and revises written texts for imaginative purposes, using text features, sentence-level grammar, punctuation and word-level language for a target audience

EN2-VOCAB-01

Builds knowledge and use of Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 vocabulary through interacting, wide reading and writing, and by defining and analysing words

EN2-OLC-01

Communicates with familiar audiences for social and learning purposes, by interacting, understanding and presenting

EN3-UARL-01

Analyses representations of ideas in literature through narrative, character, imagery, symbol and connotation, and adapts these representations when creating texts

ACELA1484

AC9E5LA08

Understand how vocabulary is used to express greater precision of meaning, including through the use of specialist and technical terms, and explore the history of words

AC9E5LA06

Understand how noun groups can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of a person, place, thing or idea

AC9E4LY11

Read and write high-frequency words including homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spelling

AC9E4LA11

Expand vocabulary by exploring a range of synonyms and antonyms, and using words encountered in a range of sources

AC9E4LA08

Understand how adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activity

AC9E4LA06

Understand that complex sentences contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause typically joined by a subordinating conjunction to create relationships, such as time and causality

AC9E3LY12

Recognise and know how to write most high-frequency words including some homophones

AC9E3LA10

Extend topic-specific and technical vocabulary and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts

AC9E3LA06

Understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb that need to agree

ACELA1512

Understand the use of vocabulary to express greater precision of meaning, and know that words can have different meanings in different contextsElaborationsmoving from general, 'all-purpose' words, for example 'cut', to more specific words, fo...

ACELA1508

Understand how noun groups/phrases and adjective groups/phrases can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of the person, place, thing or ideaElaborationslearning how to expand a description by combining a related set of nou...

ACELA1780

Read and write a large core of high frequency words including homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spellingElaborationsusing meaning and context to determine the spelling of homophones, for example ‘there’ and ‘th...

ACELA1498

Incorporate new vocabulary from a range of sources into students’ own texts including vocabulary encountered in researchElaborationsbuilding etymological knowledge about word origins (for example 'thermometer') and building vocabulary from resea...

ACELA1495

Understand how adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activityElaborationsinvestigating in texts how adverb group/phrases and prepositional phrases can provide details of the ...

ACELA1493

Understand that the meaning of sentences can be enriched through the use of noun groups/phrases and verb groups/phrases and prepositional phrasesElaborationscreating richer, more specific descriptions through the use of noun groups/phrases (for examp...

ACELA1486

Recognise and know how to write most high frequency words including some homophonesElaborationsdrawing on meaning and context to spell single-syllable homophones, for example ‘break’ or ‘brake’ and ‘ate’ or ‘eightâ...

ACELA1484

Learn extended and technical vocabulary and ways of expressing opinion including modal verbs and adverbsElaborationsexploring examples of language which demonstrate a range of feelings and positions, and building a vocabulary to express judgments abo...

ACELA1481

Understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb and that these need to be in agreementElaborationsknowing that a clause is basically a group of words that contains a verb (Skills: Literacy, Critical and Creative ...